5 Ngā Hapa Noa i te Whakamahinga o ngā Whare Whatu Muka o Roto (Me pēhea te Ārai i a rātou)

 

He mea nui te mahi a ngā Āpiti muka whatu ki te tiaki i ngā hononga tairongo.pouaka muka whatupupuri i iahononga muka whatuhaumaru, i te mea hepouaka hononga muka whatue whakarato ana i te whakaritenga hanganga. He rerekē ki tepouaka muka whatu o waho, hepouaka taura muka whatui hangaia mō te whakamahinga o roto, ka whakarite kia tino pai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao whakahaeretia.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Puritiangā taura muka whatu kua whakariteangā ara taura i roto i ngā kōhao mā te whakamahere i ngā ara taura, te whakamahi i ngā topenga me ngā paepae, me te tapanga mārama i ngā taura hei ārai i te whiri me te ngaronga o te tohu.
• Ngā wā katoahoroia, ā, whakamutua ngā hononga mukate whakamahi tika i ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga tika hei karo i te poke, hei whakarite hoki i ngā tohu whatunga kaha, pono hoki.
• Kia mau ki te whānuitanga piko iti rawa mō ngā taura muka mā te karo i ngā piko koi, me te whakamahi i ngā aratohu hei tiaki i ngā taura mai i te kino, hei pupuri hoki i te mahi a te whatunga.

Te Whakahaere Taura Kino i roto i ngā Āpiti muka whatu

He aha te Whakahaere Taura Kino, me te Take e Pā Mai Ai

rawakorewhakahaere tauraKa puta mai ina raru ngā taura muka whatu i roto i ngā whare herehere, ka kikī rawa, ka hē rānei te ara. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai tēnei āhuatanga i te whakaurunga tere, te kore whakamahere, te kore whakangungu rānei. Tērā pea ka warewarehia e ngā tohunga hangarau te hiranga o te whakamahi i ngā paepae taura, ngā whatanga, ngā topenga rānei, ka whiti ngā taura tetahi ki tetahi, ka totohu rānei. Ina kore ngā taura e tohua, e wehea rānei, ka uaua te rapu raruraru, ka roa hoki te wā. I roto i te wā, ka taea e ngā taura raru te ngaronga o te tohu, te kino tinana, tae atu ki te wera nui nā te iti o te rere o te hau. I roto i ngā taiao kiato nui, pērā i ngā pokapū raraunga, ka taea e te whakahaere ngoikore i roto i ngā Whare Whatu Muka te whakararu i te pono o te whatunga me te whakanui ake i ngā utu tiaki.

Me pēhea te karo i te whakahaere taura ngoikore

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te ārai i te pōrearea o ngā taura mā te whai i ngā paerewa ahumahi me ngā mahi pai rawa atu. Mā te whakamahere tupato i ngā ara me ngā roa o ngā taura ka taea te tae atu ngā taura ki ō rātou ūnga me te kore e nui te ngoikore. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakahaere taura, pērā i ngā paepae, ngā whatanga, me ngā topenga taura kounga teitei pērā i ngā mea mai i Dowell, ka noho haumaru ngā taura, ā, ka ārai hoki i te whiri. Ka mau tonu te pono o ngā topenga—ia 12 ki te 18 inihi whakapae, ia 6 ki te 12 inihi poutū—ka mau tonu te pono o te taura. Me karo ngā tohunga hangarau i te whakawhāiti rawa i ngā topenga hei tiaki i te uhi taura. Mā te tapanga mārama i ngā pito e rua o ia taura ka māmā ake te tiaki me te rapurongoā. Mā ngā arotakenga auau me ngā tirotiro tirohanga ka āwhina i te pupuri i te whakaritenga me te tutuki i ngā ture. Mā ngā kaupapa whakangungu, pērā i te akoranga CNCI® Fiber Optic Cabling, ngā tiwhikete BICSI rānei, ka whakawhiwhia ngā tohunga hangarau ki ngā pūkenga e hiahiatia ana mō te whakahaere taura whai hua. Mā ēnei mahi ka noho rite tonu ngā Āpiti muka whatu, ka tautoko i te rere pai o te hau, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi turanga pono mō te mahi whatunga.

Te Whakamutu Muka Hē i roto i ngā Āpiti Muka Whatu

He aha te Whakamutu Muka Hē, me te Take e Pā Mai Ai

Ka puta te whakamutu muka hē ina kore ngā tohunga hangarau e whakarite, e whakarite, e whakaoti rānei i ngā pito muka tika i roto i ngā Āpiti Muka Whatu. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai tēnei hapa i te mahi tere, te kore whakangungu, te whakamahi rānei i ngā taputapu hē. Ko ngā hapa noa ko te poke i te puehu, i te hinu rānei, ngā karawarawa i te mata o te pito muka, me te whakaritenga hononga ngoikore. Ka nui te ngaronga whakaurunga o ēnei take, ngā whakaata tohu, tae atu ki te kino tuturu ki ngā hononga. I ētahi wā, ka taea e te horoi hē i te wā whakamutu te arahi ki ngā reiti rahunga tae atu ki te 50% neke atu rānei. Ko ia pūwāhi hononga hē ka puta he ngaronga whakaurunga ine, ka nui ake i te ngaronga i roto i te taura muka tonu. Nō reira, ka pāngia te tere me te pono o te whatunga, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao tere-tiketike. E whakanui ana a Dowell i te hiranga o te whakamutu tika hei ārai i ēnei raruraru utu nui me te whakarite i te mahi whatunga pumau.

Me pēhea te whakarite kia tika te whakamutu muka

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te whakatutuki i ngā whakamutu pono mā te whai i ngā paerewa ahumahi me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika. Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te horoi āta mā te whakamahi i ngā tauera kore-miro me ngā whakarewa kua whakaaetia. Me karo ngā kaiwhakahaere i te whakamahi anō i ngā tauera, i ngā muka rānei e mākū rawa ana, nā te mea ka horahia e ēnei tikanga ngā poke.Te mutunga tika o te honongaTērā pea ka uru atu ki te honohono i ngā hiku, te whakamahi i ngā kete fanout, te tāpiri rānei i ngā piripiri pērā i te epoxy. Me ōrite ngā taputapu whakapiko ki te momo hononga, ā, me whakamahi i te kaha tika. E taunaki ana a Dowell kia tirohia me te whakamātautau auau ia pito kia kitea wawe ai ngā hapa. Me whakakanapa ngā tohunga hangarau i ngā hononga i roto i ngā taahiraa e toru, me te karo i te whakakanapa nui rawa, ka taea te whakaiti i te mata muka. Ko ngā taura kua oti te whakakanapa me ngā hononga pakari ka māmā ake te tāutanga me te whakaiti i ngā hapa mara. Mā te tuhi i ngā pito katoa me te pupuri i tētahi taiao kore puehu, ka taea e ngā tīma te whakaiti i te ngaronga whakaurunga me te whakanui ake i te pono o te whatunga.

Te Whakahāwea i ngā Aratohu Pūtoro Piko i roto i ngā Āpiti muka whatu

Te Tikanga o te Whakahē i te Pūtoro Piko me te Take e Tupu ai

Mā te kore e aro ki ngā aratohu mō te pūtoro piko ka whakapikohia e ngā tohunga hangarau ngā taura muka whatu kia kikī ake i te mea i tūtohutia i roto.Ngā Āpiti muka whatu. He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei hapa ina ngana ngā kaiwhakauru ki te whakauru i ngā taura maha rawa ki roto i tētahi wāhi iti, ina hohoro rānei te whakaoti i tētahi mahi. I ētahi wā, kāore pea rātou e mōhio ki te whānui piko iti rawa mō ia momo taura. Ina piko rawa te taura, ka turuturu pea ngā tohu mārama mai i te muka. Ka whakanui ake tēnei turuturu i te ngaronga whakaurunga, ā, ka ngoikore te tohu. I roto i te wā, ka taea e ngā piko koi te hanga i ngā kapiti moroiti i roto i te karāhe, kāore pea e kitea engari ka heke te mahi. I ngā wā kino, ka pakaru rawa te muka. Ahakoa kāore i te kitea te kino i te tīmatanga, ka heke te pono o te whatunga, ā, ka pāngia te pono o ngā raraunga.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te radius piko tika

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te tiaki i ngā taura muka whatu mā te whai i ngā aratohu ahumahi mō te pūtoro piko. Ko te nuinga o ngā muka aratau-kotahi e hiahia ana kia 20 mm te pūtoro piko iti rawa, ko ngā muka aratau-maha ia e hiahia ana kia 30 mm te pūtoro piko. Ko te ture whānui kia mau tonu te pūtoro piko kia 10 ngā wā te iti rawa o te whānui o te taura. Mena kei raro i te taumahatanga o te taura, whakanuia te pūtoro piko ki te 20 ngā wā te whānui. Hei tauira, kaua te taura he 0.12-inihi te whānui e piko kia piri ake i te 1.2 inihi. Ko ētahi muka matatau, pērā i te Bend Insensitive Single Mode Fiber (BISMF), ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūtoro piko iti ake, engari me tirotiro tonu e ngā kaiwhakauru ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga. E taunaki ana a Dowell kia whakamahiangā taputapu whakahaere taura, pērā i ngā aratohu pūtoro me ngā paepae taura, hei ārai i ngā piko koi tūpono. Me karo ngā tohunga hangarau i te akiaki i ngā taura ki ngā kokonga kuiti, ki ngā āputa kīkī rānei. Mā ngā tirotiro auau ka āwhina i te kimi wawe i ngā raruraru. Mā te whakaute i ngā aratohu pūtoro piko, ka whakarite ngā tīma kia pono te mahi a ngā Āputa muka whatu me te roa o te mau.

Te Horoi Kāore i te Rawaka o ngā Hononga Muka i roto i ngā Āpiti Muka Whatu

He aha te Horoi Kāore i te Rawaka, me te Take e Tupu ai

Te horoinga koretake ongā hononga mukaKa puta tēnei ina kore ngā tohunga hangarau e tango i te puehu, te paru, te hinu rānei mai i ngā pito o te hononga i mua i te tāutanga, i te tiaki rānei. Ahakoa ngā matūriki iti rawa ka ārai i te matua muka, ka ngaro te tohu me te whakaata whakamuri. I roto i tētahi take kua tuhia, i arahina te paru mai i te peke OTDR paru ki te hekenga o te ōwehenga tohu-ki-haruru mai i te 3 ki te 6 dB puta noa i te 3,000 pito. Ka taea e tēnei taumata o te pirau te whakararuraru i ngā pūnaha taiaho me te whakararuraru i te mahi whatunga. Ko ngā poke noa ko ngā tapumati, te miro, ngā pūtau kiri tangata, me te puehu taiao. He maha ngā wā ka whakawhitihia ēnei matū i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, mai i ngā taupoki puehu, mā te whakawhiti-paru rānei ina hono ngā hononga. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te kounga tohu ngā hononga paru engari ka taea hoki te whakararu tuturu i ngā mata hono, ka hua ake he ngoikore nui me ngā whakatikatika utu nui. He mea nui tonu te horoi auau me te tika mō te pupuri i te mahi o ngā Whare Muka Whatu.

Me pēhea te horoi tika i ngā hononga muka

Me whai ngā tohunga hangarau i tētahi huarahi pūnaha mō te horoi i ngā hononga muka. Ko te tirotiro mā te karuārai te mea tuatahi hei tautuhi i ngā paru e kitea ana. Mō te poke māmā, he pai te horoi maroke me ngā tauera kore-miro, me te horoi rīra rānei. Mena ka mau tonu ngā toenga hinuhinu, uaua rānei, me whakamahi te horoi mākū me te whakarewa motuhake—ehara i te waipiro isopropyl paerewa. I muri i ia taahiraa horoi, me tirotiro anō ngā tohunga hangarau i te hononga kia mōhio ai kua ngaro katoa ngā poke. E taunaki ana a Dowell kia whakamahia ngā taputapu horoi ngaio pēnei i ngā pene horoi muka whatu, ngā rīpene, me ngā pouaka horoi. Ka āwhina ēnei taputapu ki te ārai i te kohikohinga pūmau me te poke tuarua. Me karo ngā tohunga hangarau i ngā ūkui miro, ngā tauera pepa, me te hau kōpeke, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei te whakauru mai i ngā poke hou, te waiho rānei i ngā muka ki muri. Me mau tonu ngā taupoki puehu ina kore e whakamahia ngā hononga. Mā te horoi i ngā hononga e rua i mua i te hononga ka ārai i te poke whakawhiti, ā, ka mau tonu te kounga tohu pai. Mā te tirotiro me te horoi auau ka tiakina te pono o ngā whatunga muka, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o ngā Whare Muka Whatu.

Te Whakarērea o te Tiaki Auau o ngā Āpiti muka whatu

He aha te Skipping Maintenance me te take e tupu ai

Ko te kore e mahi i ngā mahi tiaki auau ko te kore e aro ki ngā tirotiro, te horoi, me te whakamātautau o ia rā.Ngā Āpiti muka whatuHe maha ngā tīma e wareware ana ki ēnei mahi nā te iti o te wā, te kore whakangungu, te whakaaro rānei kāore he tiaki i ngā whare herehere. I roto i te wā, ka nui haere te puehu, te makuku, me te ahotea tinana i roto i te whare herehere. Ka arahi tēnei ki te poke o te hononga, te ngaronga o te tohu, tae atu ki te pakaru wawe o ngā taputapu. I ētahi wā ka wareware ngā tohunga hangarau ki te tirotiro mō ngā hiri kua pakaru, ngā gasket kua tawhito rānei, e āhei ai te makuku ki te tomo me te waikura i ngā wāhanga o roto. Ki te kore he tiaki kua whakaritea, ka kore e kitea ngā take iti tae noa ki te mutunga o te motuhanga o te whatunga, o ngā whakatikatika utu nui rānei.

Kia mōhio: Ki te kore e aro ki te tiaki auau, ka hua ake ngā raruraru huna ka tere te piki haere, ka nui ake te wā kore mahi me ngā utu.

Me pēhea te whakatinana i te tiaki whai hua

Mā te mahere tiaki hanganga ka noho pai te mahi a ngā Whare Muka Whatu.E taunaki ana a Dowellngā mahi pai e whai ake nei:

1. Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro auau kia kitea ai ngā pakaru, ngā paru, ngā pakaru rānei i te wā wawe. Tirohia ngā hiri, ngā gasket, me te āhua o te whare.
2. Horoia ngā hononga me ngā paepae honohono mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu kua whakaaetia, pērā i ngā tauera kore-miro me ngā whakarewa motuhake, hei ārai i te ngaronga o te tohu.
3. Aroturukihia te pāmahana me te haumākū i roto i te whare herehere hei karo i te kohikohinga o te makuku me te wera rawa.
4. Whakakapia ngā wāhanga pakaru, pērā i ngā hiri pakaru, i ngā gasket kua tawhito rānei, i te wā e taea ai.
5. Whakamātauria ngā hononga muka whatu i ia wā hei manatoko i te kounga o te tohu, hei kite hoki i tētahi ngoikoretanga.
6. Puritia ngā tuhinga taipitopito o ngā tirotiro, ngā hua o ngā whakamātautau, me ngā whakatikatika hei tirotiro mā te wā kei te heke mai.
7. Whakangunguhia ngā kaimahi tiaki ki te whai i ngā paerewa ahumahi me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga horoi me te whakamātautau tika.

Mā te whai i ēnei mahi, ka taea e ngā tīma te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ā rātou ārai me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā rahunga ohorere.

Ripanga Tohutoro Tere mō ngā Āpiti muka whatu

Whakarāpopototanga o ngā Hapa me ngā Otinga e Noa Ana

Mā te ripanga tohutoro tere ka āwhina i ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga ki te aromatawai i ngā Āpiti muka whatu me te whai hua. Kei roto i ngā ripanga e whai ake nei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā inenga matua, ā, ka whakaratohia he otinga mahi mō ngā hapa noa.

Tohutohu: Whakamahia ēnei ripanga hei rārangi arowhai i te wā tāutanga me te tiaki kia pono ai te mahi.

Ngā Inenga Matua mō te Mahi o te Whare Whatunga Muka Whatu

Ine	Whakaahuatanga	Ngā Uara / Ngā Tuhipoka Noa
Diameter Matua	Te rohe pokapū mō te tuku mārama; ka pā ki te whānui o te whānui me te tawhiti	Aratau-kotahi: ~9 μm; Aratau-maha: 50 μm, 62.5 μm rānei
Te Diameter o te Whakakikorua	Ka karapoti i te uho, ka whakarite i te whakaata o roto	125 μm te tikanga
Diameter o te paninga	Paparanga tiaki i runga i te whakakikorua	Ko te tikanga he 250 μm; he ārai-piripiri: 900 μm
Rahi Pūwero/Hākete	Ngā paparanga o waho mō te roa me te whakahaere	Pūwero: 900 μm–3 mm; Koti: 1.6–3.0 mm
Momo muka	Ka whakatau i te tono me te mahi	Aratau-kotahi (tawhiti roa); Aratau-maha (tawhiti poto, whānui ake)
Te aro o te pūtoro piko	E tohu ana i te mōrearea o te ngaronga tohu mai i ngā piko whaiti	Whāia ngā aratohu a te kaihanga
Te Horoi me te Tirotiro	Ka pupuri i te pono o te tohu	Whakamahia ngā taputapu tino tika me ngā taputapu tirotiro
Hototahitanga Hononga	Ka whakarite kia tika te hononga me te iti o te ngaronga	Whakatauritehia te momo hononga me te whakakanapa
Ngā Paerewa Ahumahi	Ka whakamana i te hototahitanga me te pono	ITU-T G.652, ISO/IEC 11801, TIA/EIA-568
Te Whakawaehere Tae me te Tāutu	Ka māmā ake te whakahaere, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā hapa	Kōwhai: aratau kotahi; Karaka: OM1/OM2; Wai: OM3/OM4; Kakariki Raima: OM5

Ngā Hapa Noa me ngā Otinga Whai Hua

He hapa noa	Otinga Whai Hua
Kāore i te horoi tika i ngā hononga muka	Whakamahia he tauera kore-miro me ngā otinga kounga-kanohi; tirohia i muri i te horoinga; whakaratohia he whakangungu auau
Te Hononga Muka Hē	Whāia ngā mahi honohono tika; whakamahia ngā taputapu kounga; whakamātauria ki te OTDR, ki te mita hiko rānei; kia whakangungua ngā tohunga hangarau.
Te Piko i ngā Taura muka whatu kia Pūmau rawa	Kia mau ki ngā whakaritenga mō te pūtoro piko; whakamahia ngā aratohu pūtoro piko; whakamaherehia te huarahi me te āta whakaaro
Whakamutu muka hē	Whakaritea te muka i mua i te whakamutu; whakamahia ngā hononga tika; whakakanapahia ngā mata pito; whakamātautauhia i muri i te whakamutu
Te Whakahāwea i te Whakahaere Taura Tika	Tāpirihia he tapanga me te arahi tika i ngā taura; herea ki ngā here me ngā kaiārahi; karohia te whakakī rawa; kia mau te whakaritenga.

E tautoko ana ēnei ripanga i ngā mahi pai mō ngā Kāinga Muka Whatu, ā, ka āwhina i ngā tīma ki te karo i ngā hapa utu nui.

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Mā te karo i ngā hapa noa o ngā Āpiti muka whatu ka pai ake te pono o te whatunga, ka whakaiti hoki i te wā whakatā utu nui. Ka whakaitihia te auau whakakapinga me ngā utu mahi e te whakahaere tika me te tiaki. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ahumahi ka āraihia ngā whakatā kore e ngā hononga ma me ngā taura kua whakaritea. Mō ngā hua pai rawa atu, me whai ngā tīma i ngā tikanga kua tūtohutia, me te kōrero ki ngā rauemi pono mō te tautoko tonu.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te auau e taunakitia ana mō te tirotiro i ngā ārai muka whatu o roto?

Me mahi ngā tohunga hangarautirohia ngā āpitihangaia toru ki te ono marama. Mā ngā tirotiro auau ka ārai i te putunga puehu, te poke o te hononga, me ngā kino ā-tinana.

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te whakamahi i ngā tauera waipiro paerewa hei horoi i ngā hononga muka?

Ko ngā whakarewa motuhake mō te kounga whatu te mea tino pai. Tērā pea ka waiho e ngā tauera waipiro paerewa he toenga, he muka rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te kounga o te tohu.

Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te tiaki o te pouaka muka whatu mā te tapanga tika?

Mā te tapanga mārama ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te tautuhi wawe i ngā taura. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakaitihia te wā rapurongoā, ā, ka ārai i ngā momotu tūpono.