Mā te Hononga SC UPC ka Māmā te Tāuta muka

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TeHononga SC UPCka huri i te āhua o tō whakahaere i ngā tāutanga muka. Mā tōna hoahoa auaha ka whakarite kia tika, kia pono hoki, ka waiho hei whiringa pono mō te hanga hononga pumau. Me teiti te ngaronga whakaurungao te tika0.3 dB, ka whakamanahia te tuku tohu whai hua, he mea nui mō te ipurangi tere me te mahi whatunga maeneene. Ko ēnei Hononga SC UPcwhakangawari i ngā tukanga tāutanga, te penapena wā me te pupuri i te kounga. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe i runga i ngā LAN, i ngā whatunga muka nui ake rānei, ko tehononga-tere-sc-upche tino ngāwari te whakamahi. Nā te utu tika me te whai huatanga, he otinga pai mō ngā hanganga ipurangi hou, inā koa ka honoa ki ētahi atuNgā Āhuatanga me ngā Hononga.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

  • He iti noa te ngaronga whakaurunga o ngā Hononga SC UPC, arā, 0.3 dB noa iho, e whakarite ana i te tuku tohu pai mō te ipurangi tere-tiketike me tete mahi pono o te whatunga.
  • Mā te tikanga pana-tō o ngā Hononga SC UPC ka māmā ake te tāutanga me te tango, ka māmā ake te whakamahi, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā tohunga me ngā kaiwhaiwhai DIY.
  • He hoahoa pakari e tu atu ana i ngā pāmahana tino kino, he pai ngā Hononga SC UPC mō ngā taiao rerekē, kia roa ai te mahi.
  • He hototahi ēnei hononga ki ngā muka aratau-kotahi me ngā muka aratau-maha, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga mō ngā tono rerekē, tae atu ki ngā LAN meNgā tāutanga FTTH.
  • DowellKei ngā Hononga SC UPC a 's te Hangarau Muka-Whakauru Mua, e āhei ai te whakamutu tere me te tirotiro ā-kanohi i ngā hononga, e whakarei ake ana i te maia o te tāutanga.
  • Mā te whakamahi i ngā Hononga SC UPC ka taea te whakaiti i te wā me ngā utu tāutanga, nā te mea ka kore e hiahiatia he taputapu motuhake me ngā tikanga uaua.

Tirohanga Whānui o te Hononga SC UPC

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He aha te Hononga SC UPC?

TeHononga SC UPChe momo e whakamahia whānuitia anahononga muka whatui hangaia mō ngā whatunga mahi-teitei. Ko te SC te tikangaHononga Kaiohauru, ā, e pā ana te UPC kiTe Whakapā Tinana Tino RawaKa whakamahia e tēnei hononga he tikanga pana-tō, kia tere ai, kia haumaru ai hoki ngā hononga.I whakawhanakehia i ngā tau 1980nā NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), kua noho hei tētahi o ngā hononga tino noa mōmuka aratau-kotahingā tono. Kei roto i tōna hoahoa hemowhiti uku zirconia 2.5mm, e whakarato ana i te whakaritenga tino pai, ā, e whakaiti ana i te ngaronga o te tohu. Ko teHononga SC UPChe mea tino pai mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti raraunga, e tuku ana i te mahi pumau me te pono.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Hononga SC UPC

E mōhiotia ana ngā Hononga SC UPC mō tō rātou tika me te pakari. Anei ētahi o ō rātou āhuatanga matua:

  • Teitei o te TikaMā te zirconia uku kua orohia i mua ka tino tika te tūnga, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga whakaurunga ki te 0.3 dB.
  • Tikanga Pana-TōiaMā tēnei tikanga ka māmā ake te tāutanga me te tango, kia māmā ai te whakamahi.
  • Hoahoa Paerewa: E whai ana te Hononga SC UPC i ngā paerewa ahumahi, e whakarite ana i te hototahi ki ngā momongā momo hononga muka.
  • Ngā momo mahi: E tautoko ana i ngā mea e ruaNgā diameter taura 0.9mm me te 3mm, e pai ai mō ngā momo rerekētaura muka whatungā whakatakotoranga
  • Te pakariMā te tinana pūwero pakari me te mata o te pito whatu porowhita e roa ai te mahi, ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
  • Te Whakawaehere TaeMā ngā tinana pūmua kikorangi ka māmā ake te tautuhi i ngā Hononga SC UPC, ka wehewehea ai rātou i ētahi atu momo hononga.

Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka waiho ngā Hononga SC UPC hei whiringa pono mō te ipurangi tere-tiketike, ngā LAN, me ngā tāutanga FTTH.

Hononga UPC SC a Dowell: He Otinga Pono

Kei a Dowell tētahi putanga kounga teitei o te Hononga SC UPC, i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa mahi me te pono teitei rawa atu. Kei roto i ngā hononga a Dowell te Hangarau Mua-Whakauru Mua o te muka matatau, e whakarite ana i ngā whakamutu tere me te whai hua. Mā te uhi taha mārama ka taea e koe te tirotiro ā-kanohi i te hononga, ka whakawhirinaki koe ki tōna kounga. Me te reiti angitu neke atu i te 98%, ka oati te Hononga SC UPC a Dowell i ngā hua pono.

He hototahi ngā Hononga SC UPC a Dowell ki ngā taura Ф3.0 mm me Ф2.0 mm, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga mō ngā momo mahi. Ka ātete hoki rātou ki ngā pāmahana tino kino, mai i te -40°C ki te +85°C, kia pai ai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao rerekē. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe i ngā taura taka, i ngā tāutanga o roto rānei, ka whakangawaritia e te Hononga SC UPC a Dowell te tukanga me te pupuri tonu i te mahi tino pai.

"Ka Tīmata te Oranga Tino Pai i Nāianei" me ngā otinga auaha a Dowell mōtaura muka whatungā tāutanga. Te whiriwhiri i te mea tikangā momo hononga mukaKāore anō kia māmā ake te whakamahi i te Hononga UPC SC a Dowell.

Ngā Wero Noa i roto i te Tāutanga Muka Whatu

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Kua hurihia e te tāutanga muka whatu te huarahi e hanga ai, e pupuri ai hoki i ngā whatunga hou. Heoi anō, pērā i ngā hangarau matatau katoa, he rerekē ngā wero kei roto. Te mārama ki ēneingā raruraru noame ngā otinga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua pai ake, me te whakarite hoki i ngā hononga maeneene.

Ngā Raru Whakarite i te Tāutanga

He mea nui te whakarite tika i te wā e mahi ana me ngā hononga muka. Ahakoa te iti noa o te whakarite, ka taea te whakararuraru i te hononga, ka ngaro te tohu, ka ngoikore rānei te mahi. He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei raruraru i te wā e whakamutua ana te hononga, me whakarite tika te matua muka ki te taura o te hononga. Ki te kore e tika te whakarite, ka kore e pai te tuku raraunga, ka pā ki te kounga whānui o tō whatunga.

Hei whakatika i tēnei,Ngā hononga SC UPChe mea hanga ki ngā taura uku zirconia tino tika. Mā ēnei taura ka whakarite kia tika te whakarārangi, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā hapa i te wā tāutanga. Mā te tikanga pana-tō o ngā hononga SC UPC ka māmā ake te tukanga, ka māmā ake ai te whakatutuki i tētahi hononga haumaru me te pumau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga pono pērā i te Hononga SC UPC a Dowell, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i ngā take whakarārangi me te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o ō tāutanga muka.

Ngā Ngaronga Tohu me ngā Take Mahi Whatunga

Ngaronga tohuKo tētahi atu raruraru noa i roto i ngā whakaurunga muka whatu ko te kounga iti o ngā hononga, te whakahaere hē rānei, ka nui te ngaronga whakaurunga, ka ngoikore ai te tohu i a ia e haere ana i roto i te whatunga. Ka puhoi ake te tuku raraunga, ka iti ake hoki te pono o te whatunga.

Kua hangaia ngā hononga SC UPC hei whawhai i tēnei raruraru. Me tete ngaronga whakaurunga he iti iho i te 0.3 dB, mā ēnei hononga ka whakarite kia pai te tuku tohu puta noa i tō whatunga. Ka whakaitihia e ā rātou ferrules kua oti te whakakanapa me te hoahoa matatau te whakaata whakamuri, ka whakarei ake i te mahi. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe i runga i ngā LAN, i ngā whakaurunga whatunga nui ake rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā hononga SC UPC he otinga pono mō te pupuri i ngā tohu kaha me te rite tonu.

Ngā Āwangawanga mō te Wā me te Whai Hua i roto i te Tāutanga me te Tiaki

He nui te wā me te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tāutanga muka whatu, inā koa ka mahi tahi me ngā whatunga uaua. Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho pēnei i te honohono honohono me whai taputapu motuhake me ngā tohunga hangarau mohio, ka taea e ēnei te whakaroa i te tukanga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā mahi tiaki pēnei i te whakakapi i ngā hononga pakaru, te whakamutu anō rānei i ngā muka, ka roa anō hoki te wā.

Mā ngā hononga SC UPC ka māmā ake te tāutanga me te tiaki. Nā te hoahoa huihuinga-marae ka kore e hiahiatia te epoxy, te oro rānei, ka taea ai e koe te whakaoti tere me te whai hua i ngā whakamutu. Mā ngā taputapu taketake pēnei i te mīhini tango taura me te mīhini tapahi muka, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i tētahi hononga pono i roto i ētahi meneti noa iho. Ehara i te mea ka penapena wā anake engari ka penapena hoki.ka whakaiti i te utu whānuio ngā tāutanga me te tiaki whatunga.

Mā te aro atu ki ēnei wero noa, ka māmā ake te uru atu me te whai hua o ngā hononga muka ki ngā hononga SC UPC.ngā āhuatanga ngāwari ki te whakamahime ngā āheinga mahi-teitei ka taea e koe te hanga me te pupuri i ngā whatunga pakari me te ngāwari.

Me pēhea te whakarato a te Hononga SC UPC i ngā otinga mō ngā raruraru tāutanga

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Te Tika me te Whakaritenga ki ngā Hononga SC UPC

He mea nui te whakatutukitanga i te whakaritenga tika i te wā e mahi ana me ngā hononga muka whatu. Ka taea e te whakaritenga hē te whakararuraru i te hononga, ka hua ake te mahi ngoikore me te ngaronga o te tohu. Ka arohia tēnei take e te hononga SC UPC me tōna hoahoa matatau. Mā tōna taura uku zirconia ka whakarite kia tika te whakaritenga o te matua muka, ka whakaitihia ngā hapa i te wā tāutanga. Mā tēnei whakaritenga tika ka whakarei ake i te kounga o tō hononga, ka whakarite kia pai te tuku raraunga puta noa i tō whatunga.

Ko te tikanga pana-tō oNgā hononga SCKa māmā ake te tukanga whakahāngai. Ka taea e koe te whakau ngāwari i te hononga ki tōna tūranga me te kore e manukanuka ki te hē o te whakahāngai. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka waiho ngā hononga SC hei whiringa pono mō ngā tono muka aratau-kotahi, he mea nui te tika mō te pupuri i ngā whatunga tere-teitei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga SC UPC, ka taea e koe te hanga hononga pumau me te whai hua me te iti o te kaha.

Te Whakaiti i te Ngaronga Tohu mō te Mahi Whatunga Pai Ake

He wero noa te ngaronga o te tohu i roto i ngā tāutanga muka. Ka taea e ngā hononga kounga iti, te whakahaere hē rānei te ngoikore o te tohu, ka pā ki te mahi whānui o tō whatunga. Ka whakatauhia tēnei raruraru e ngā hononga SC UPC mā ā rātouiti te ngaronga whakaurungahe 0.3 dB noa iho. Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te kaha o te tohu i a ia e haere ana mā te taura muka whatu.

Ka whakaitihia te whakaata whakamuri e te ferrule kua oti te whakakanapa o ngā hononga SC, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te tohu. He tino whai hua tēnei āhuatanga mō ngā whatunga muka aratau-kotahi, he mea nui te pupuri i te mahi pumau. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe i runga i ngā LAN, i ngā whakaurunga whatunga nui ake rānei, ka whakaratohia e ngā hononga SC UPC he otinga pono mō te whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakarei ake i te pono o te whatunga.

Ngāwari o te Tāutanga me te Tiaki me te Hononga UPC SC a Dowell

Ka roa pea te wā e tāuta ana me te pupuri i ngā hononga muka whatu, inā koa ka mahi tahi me ngā whatunga uaua. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he taputapu motuhake me ngā tohunga hangarau mohio mō ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ka whakakorea e te hononga SC UPC a Dowell ēnei wero me ānahoahoa ngāwari ki te whakamahiKa taea e koe te whakaoti wawe i te tukanga tāutanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu taketake pēnei i te mīhini unu taura me te mīhini tapatapahi muka.

Kei roto i ngā hononga SC a Dowell te Hangarau Fiber Pre-Embedded, e māmā ake ai te tukanga whakamutu. Mā te uhi taha mārama ka taea e koe te tirotiro ā-kanohi i te hononga, ka whakawhirinaki koe ki tōna kounga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi anō i ēnei hononga, ka waiho hei whiringa utu-pai mō ngā mahi tāutanga me te tiaki. Nā tō rātou hototahi ki ngā momo hononga muka me ngā taura rerekē ka nui ake te whakamahinga, ka whakarite kia tutuki i a rātou ngā hiahia o ngā tono rerekē.

Mā te whiriwhiri i te hononga SC UPC a Dowell, ka taea e koe te penapena wā me te kaha me te pupuri tonu i ngā paerewa mahi teitei. Mā ēnei hononga ka māmā ake te hanga me te pupuri i ngā whatunga muka pakari, ka whakarite kia pono te tuku raraunga mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.

Ngā Painga o te Hononga SC UPC mō ngā Kaiwhakauru me ngā Kaiwhakamahi Whakamutunga

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Te penapena wā i roto i te tāutanga

Ngā hononga SCwhakangāwari i te tukanga tāutanga, e whakaora ana i tō wā utu nui. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whakarite nui me ngā taputapu motuhake mō ngā tikanga tuku iho, ka taea ai e ēnei te whakaroa i tō ahunga whakamua. Mā ngā hononga SC UPC, ka taea e koe te whakaoti tere me te whai hua i te tāutanga. Mā tā rātou tikanga pana-tō ka whakangawari i te tukanga hononga, ka taea ai e koe te mau i te taura muka whatu ki tōna wāhi me te iti o te kaha. Ka whakakorehia e te ferrule kua orohia i mua te hiahia mō te oro atu, ka whakaitihia te wā e pau ana ki te whakarite. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe i runga i ngā tono muka aratau-kotahi, i ngā tono maha-aratau rānei, ka whakarite ēnei hononga i te tatūnga tere me te maeneene.

Mā te hoahoa huihuinga-marae o ngā hononga SC ka whakarei ake i tōna whai huatanga. Me whakamahi noa koe i ngā taputapu taketake pēnei i te mīhini whiri taura me te mīhini tapahi muka hei whakatutuki i tētahi hononga pono. Nā tēnei māmā noa iho ka waiho ngā hononga SC UPC hei whiringa pai mō ngā kaiwhakauru ngaio me ngā kaiwhaiwhai DIY. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei hononga, ka taea e koe te arotahi ki te hanga whatunga pakari me te kore e whakaroa.

Te Whai Hua o te Utu me ngā Hononga SC

Ka tukuna e ngā hononga SC heotinga utu-whai huamō ngā tāutanga muka whatu. Nā te hoahoa whakamahi anō ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā wā maha, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga auau. He tino whai hua tēnei āhuatanga i ngā mahi tiaki, ina taea te whakakapi i ngā hononga pakaru me te kore e nui te utu. Mā te pakari o ngā hononga SC UPC ka roa te mahi, ka whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga e pā ana ki ngā whakatikatika, ngā whakakapinga rānei.

Mā te whakakorenga o ngā taputapu honohono honohono ka whai wāhi atu ki te penapena utu. Kāore e hiahiatia he mīhini utu nui, he tohunga hangarau tino pūkenga rānei mō te tāutanga mō ngā hononga SC UPC. Ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i tētahi hononga kounga teitei me te iti o te haumi ki ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi. Nā tēnei utu iti ka waiho ngā hononga SC hei whiringa whai hua mō ngā tāutanga whatunga nui me ngā kaupapa iti ake.

Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi me te Pono o te Whatunga

Ka whakarei ake ngā hononga SC UPC i te mahi me te pono o tō whatunga. Ko te iti o te ngaronga whakaurunga o te 0.3 dB ka whakarite kia pai te tuku raraunga, kia mau tonu ai ngā tohu kaha puta noa i te taura muka whatu. Ka whakaitihia e te taura uku zirconia kua orohia te whakaata whakamuri, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te hononga. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka pai ngā hononga SC mō te ipurangi tere-tiketike me ētahi atu tono uaua.

Mā te hoahoa pakari o ngā hononga SC UPC ka mau tonu te mahi ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Ka taea e rātou te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino kino me te ahotea tinana, ka pai ai mō ngā momo hononga muka me ngā tāutanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga SC, ka taea e koe te hanga whatunga e tuku ana i te ratonga pono me te kore e mutu. Nā te tika me te pakari ka waiho hei whiringa pono mō te pupuri i ngā whatunga mahi teitei.

"Ka Tīmata te Oranga Tino Pai Inaianei" me ngā hononga SC UPC e whakangāwari ana i te tāutanga me te tiaki, me te whakarite hoki i te mahi whatunga tino pai.

Ka hurihia e te hononga SC UPC ngā tāutanga muka hei tukanga maeneene. Mā tōna hoahoa tino tika ka whakarite kia tika te whakarārangi, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu me te whakarei ake i te mahi whatunga. Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki tanangā āhuatanga ngāwari ki te whakamahihei whakahaere i te tāutanga me te tiaki, hei penapena i te wā me te kaha. Ko te auahatanga a DowellNgā hononga SCe tū pakari ana, e hototahi ana hoki, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā momo tono muka. Ahakoa kei te hanga whatunga ipurangi tere-teitei koe, kei te pupuri rānei i ngā pūnaha o nāianei, ka whakaratohia e ēnei honongapono, whai hua hokingā otinga. Kōwhiria ngā hononga SC hei whakatutuki i ngā hononga pakari, hei whakanui ake hoki i te pono o tō whatunga muka.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te tikanga o te kupu "UPC" i roto i te kupu "SC UPC"?

Ko te kupu "UPC" i roto i te "SC UPC" e tohu ana iTe Whakapā Tinana Tino Rawa. E pā ana tēnei ki te hoahoa o te taura o te hononga, kua orohia kia eke ki te taumata teitei o te papatahi me te maeneene. Mā tēnei oro ka whakaitihia te ngaronga o te māramatanga i puta mai i te whakaata, i te marara rānei, kia pai ai te tuku tohu.

He aha ngā rerekētanga o ngā hononga SC UPC i ētahi atu momo hononga?

Kei roto i ngā hononga SC UPC hetikanga pana-tōe māmā ake ai te tāutanga me te tango. Kua orohia te pito o te ferrule hei whakaiti i te whakaata whakamuri, he rerekē ki ngā hononga APC, he pito koki tō rātou. He pai ngā hononga SC UPC mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia iti te ngaronga whakaurunga me te mahi pono.

He aha ngā painga o te whakamahi i ngā hononga SC UPC i roto i ngā tāutanga whatunga?

He maha ngā painga o ngā hononga SC UPC:

  • Ngāwari o te TāutangaNā te hoahoa ngāwari ki te whakamahi, ka taea te whakarite tere me te ngāwari.
  • Te ponoMā te wīra kua orohia e whakarite te mahi pumau.
  • Whai huatanga: Ka whakaitihia te ngaronga tohu,te whakapakari i te pono o te whatunga.
  • Te Whai Hua o te UtuKi te whakaritea ki ngā hononga APC, he iti ake te utu mō ngā hononga SC UPC, engari he pai tonu te mahi.

He pai ngā hononga SC UPC mō ngā muka aratau-kotahi me ngā muka aratau-maha?

Āe, e hototahi ana ngā hononga SC UPC ki ngā mea e ruaaratau kotahimemuka maha-aratauNā te maha o ngā whakamahinga ka pai mō ngā momo tono, tae atu ki ngā LAN, ngā tāutanga FTTH, me ngā whatunga ipurangi tere-nui.

Ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā hononga SC UPC?

Āe, ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā hononga SC UPC i ngā wā maha. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā hononga SC UPC a Dowell tae atu ki te 10 ngā wā, me te kore e whakararu i te mahi. Nā tēnei āhuatanga he kōwhiringa utu-pai mō te tiaki me te whakatikatika.

He aha ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana hei tāuta i ngā hononga SC UPC?

Ko ngā taputapu taketake anake e hiahiatia ana e koe pērā i temīhini tango taurame temīhini tapahi mukahei tāuta i ngā hononga SC UPC. Mā ēnei taputapu ka māmā ake te tukanga, ka taea ai e koe te whakatutuki i tētahi hononga pono me te kore e hiahiatia he taputapu motuhake.

Me pēhea te whakaiti i te ngaronga tohu e ngā hononga SC UPC?

Kei roto i ngā hononga SC UPC hete whakarewa uku zirconia kua oti te whakakanapa, e whakarite ana i te tika o te tūnga o te matua muka. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hoahoa te ngaronga whakaurunga ki te 0.3 dB, kia mau tonu ai ngā tohu kaha me te ōrite puta noa i te whatunga.

He pakari ngā hononga SC UPC i roto i ngā taiao tino kino?

Āe, he mea hanga ngā hononga SC UPC kia tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga uaua. Hei tauira, ka mahi pai ngā hononga SC UPC a Dowell i ngā pāmahana mai i-40°C ki te +85°C, e whakarite ana i te mahi pono i roto i ngā taiao kanorau.

He aha te mea e motuhake ai ngā hononga SC UPC a Dowell?

Kei roto i ngā hononga Dowell's SC UPCHangarau Muka-Whakauru, e whakangawari ana i te tukanga whakamutu. Mā te uhi taha mārama ka taea te tirotiro ā-kanohi, kia pai ai te kounga o ngā hononga. Ko tō rātou hototahi ki ngā momo taura me te hoahoa ka taea te whakamahi anō ka whakarei ake i tō rātou uara.

Kei hea ahau e whakamahi ai i ngā hononga SC UPC?

He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā hononga SC UPC, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā momo tono maha, tae atu ki:

  • Ngā LAN (Whatunga Rohe ā-Rohe)
  • Ngā tāutanga FTTH (Muka ki te Kāinga)
  • Ngā pūnaha CCTV
  • Ngā whatunga ipurangi tere-teitei

Nā tō rātou ngāwari ki te urutau, he kōwhiringa pono tēnei mō ngā kaupapa noho me ngā kaupapa arumoni.


Wā tuku: Hakihea-27-2024