Ngā taura muka whatuKei te whakarerekē i te āhua o tō hononga ki te ao. Ka tukuna e ēnei taura te tuku raraunga tino tere i ngā tawhiti roa, me te kore e ngaro te kounga o te tohu. Ka whakaratohia hoki e rātou he whānui ake o te whānui, ka taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi maha te rere ataata, te whakamahi rānei i ngā ratonga kapua i te wā kotahi. I te tau 2022, i whai wāhi te rāngai waea41.7% o ngā moni whiwhi o te mākete muka whatu o te ao, me te tāutanga a te US i te 91.9 miriona kiromita o ngā taura muka whatu. E whakaatu ana tēnei tono e tipu haere ana i te hiranga o ngā hangarau pēnei iTaura FTTHmeTaura muka o rotoi te hanga i te heke mai o te hononga.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ka tukuna ngā raraunga e ngā taura muka whatutino tere, hei āwhina i te roma ora me te mahi tuihono.
- Ka whakawhirinaki ngā whatunga 5G ki ngā muka whatumō ngā hononga tere ake, kaha ake hoki.
- Mā te whakamahi i ngā muka whatu e pai ana mō te taiao, ka penapena pūngao, ka whakaiti hoki i te para hiko, ā, ka āwhina i te ao tūroa.
Ngā Auahatanga Matua e Hanga Ana i te Ao o Ngā Taura Muka Whatu
Te Piki Ake o te Hiahia mō te Hononga Tere-Tiketike
Kei te tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō te hononga tere-teitei i te whanaketanga o te hangarau. Ka whakawhirinaki koe ki te ipurangi tere ake hei tautoko i ngā mahi pēnei i te rerema, te petipeti, me te mahi mamao. He maha ngā āhuatanga e akiaki ana i tēnei pikinga o te hiahia, e whakaaturia ana i raro nei:
| Ngā Ārahi Matua | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Ngā whanaketanga hangarau tere | Te akiaki i te auahatanga i roto i ngā otinga hononga. |
| Te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te ipurangi tere-teitei | E whakaata ana i te hiahia o te kaihoko mō te hononga tere ake. |
| Te tipu o ngā taputapu IoT | Ka waihanga i ngā whakaritenga ratonga hou, ka whakarei ake hoki i ngā hiahia hononga. |
| Te pikinga ake o ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e hangai ana ki te kapua | Ka āwhina i ngā otinga tauine-rahi mō ngā pakihi me ngā kaihoko. |
| Te whakatinanatanga o te 5G | Ka taea ai ngā ratonga tere ake, pono ake hoki, he mea nui mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ēnei rā. |
He mea nui te mahi a ngā taura muka whatuhei whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia. Nā tō rātou kaha ki te whakarato i te whānui o te hononga me ngā hononga pono ka taea e koe te pārekareka ki ngā wheako ipurangi maeneene.
Te muka whatu me te whanaketanga o ngā whatunga 5G
Ko ngā taura muka whatu te pou tuarā o ngā whatunga 5G. Ka tukuna e rātou ngā hononga tere-teitei e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i ngā tono raraunga nui o ngā taputapu e whakahohea ana e te 5G. Hei tauira, e 83% o ngā kaiwhakahaere 5G e whakaaro ana he mea nui te muka mō te backhaul. Ka tautokohia e tēnei hangarau ngā kawa matatau pēnei i te CPRI me te OBSAI, ka taea te eke ki te tere o te 10 Gbits/hekona. Kāore i rite ki ngā taura parahi tuku iho, ka tukuna e ngā muka whatu ngā raraunga ki ngā tawhiti roa me te kore e ngaro te tohu. Mā tēnei ka tere ake te tere me ngā hononga pono ake, he mea nui mō ngā tono 5G. Ka tautokohia hoki e te hanganga muka ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te IoT, te AI, me te VR, ka taea ai he heke mai atamai ake, he hononga ake.
Te Oranga Tonu i roto i te Hangarau Muka Whatu
Ngā tuku hangarau muka whatungā painga nui ki te taiaoki te whakataurite ki te taura tuku iho. He iti ake te kaha e pau ana mā te whakamahi i ngā pāoro māmā mō te tuku raraunga. Ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te pānga ki te taiao. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā wāhanga hangarua i roto i ngā muka whatu ki te whakaiti i ngā para hiko. Kei te whakamahi hoki ngā kaihanga i ngā tikanga pumau, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā puna pūngao whakahou pēnei i te rā me te hau i te wā e whakaputa ana. Mā te whanaketanga o ngā pūmua pirau-koiora mō te hipoki muka ka whakaitihia te kino ki te taiao mō te wā roa. Mā ēnei whanaketanga ka waiho te hangarau muka whatu hei whiringa pumau mō te umanga waea me te kaitākaro matua ki te hanga i tētahi heke mai matomato.
Ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau i roto i te Hangarau muka whatu
Muka Ngaronga Tino Iti mō te Mahi Whakapai Ake
Kei te whakarerekē te muka ultra-low loss (ULL) i te āhua o tō wheako i te tuku raraunga. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei momo muka matatau te whakaiti i te tohu, ka taea ai te haere tawhiti me te tere ake o ngā raraunga. Ka tautokohia e ia ngā whatunga kaha-nui, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono pēnei i te roma ataata me te rorohiko kapua. Ko ngā mahi auaha hou, pēnei i te muka whatu karāhe silica a Sumitomo Electric me te ngaronga o te 0.1397 dB/km noa iho, kua whakatakotohia he paearu hou mō te whai huatanga. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei whanaketanga te hiahia mō ngā pūrua whatu, ka whakawhānui ake i ngā tawhiti tuku me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanganga.
Anei te hiranga o te muka ULL mō te ao hangarau muka whatu o muri mai:
- Mā te whānuitanga o te toronga ka taea e ngā tohu te haere i ngā tawhiti roa me te kore e whakanuia pinepine.
- Ko te whakanui ake i te whānui o te hononga ka tautoko i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō ngā tono e nui ana te raraunga.
- Ka whakaitihia e ngā otinga utu-whai hua te hiahia mō ngā hanganga tāpiri.
Mā te whakamahi i te muka ULL, ka taea e koe te pārekareka ki te hononga tere ake, pono ake, me te tautoko hoki i te hiahia e piki haere ana mō ngā whatunga tere-tiketike.
Muka Piko-Kore-Ārai mō ngā Whakatakotoranga Ngāwari
Muka kore-piko(BIF) ka whakarei ake i te ngāwari o ngā taura muka whatu, ka tino pai mō ngā whakaurunga hou. Ka mau tonu te mahi ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga piko pakupaku, ka ārai i te hekenga o te tohu. Ka whakangawarihia e tēnei āhuatanga ngā tatūnga i roto i ngā wāhi kīkī, pērā i ngā kāinga, ngā tari, me ngā pokapū raraunga, me te kore e hiahiatia he huringa utu nui.
Ko ngā ahumahi e whai hua ana mai i te BIF ko:
- muka ki te kāinga (FTTH)He mea tino pai mō te whakatere i ngā wāhi kuiti i roto i ngā whakaurunga whare noho.
- Ngā Pokapū Raraunga: Tautoko ana i te whakahaere taura whai hua i roto i ngā taiao kiato nui.
- Waea whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: Ka whakarite i te hanganga pono i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
Mā tōna kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā kokonga koi me ngā whakatakotoranga kiato teitei, ka whakarite a BIF i te hononga maeneene i roto i ngā taiao kanorau.
Ngā Auahatanga i roto i ngā Hangarau Hononga me te Tūhonohono
Kei te whakapai ake ngā whanaketanga o ngā hangarau honohono me te hononga i te whai huatanga o ngā whakaurunga muka whatu. Inaianei, ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu whakarite tika aunoa ngā taiaho me ngā kāmera hei whakarite i ngā muka me te tika mōkito. Mā ngā tikanga honohono whakakotahitanga whakarei ake ka hangaia he hononga kaha ake, pono ake me te iti o te ngaronga tohu. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei auahatanga ngā motuhanga me ngā hiahia tiaki, ka whakarite kia tere te tuku raraunga.
Ko te honohono rīpene, he ia o ngā pokapū raraunga e tipu haere ana, he pai ake i te honohono muka kotahi tuku iho. Ka tere ake te tāutanga, ka whakapai ake hoki i te whai huatanga, inā koa mō ngā taura muka-nui. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei hangarau, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te hononga pai me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, ka whakatakoto i te ara mō te heke mai o ngā whatunga muka.
Te Tipu Ao o te Hanganga muka whatu
Ngā haumitanga a te kāwanatanga ki ngā whatunga muka
Kei te whakatairanga ngā kāwanatanga o te ao i ngā haumitanga kihanganga muka whatuhei whakatutuki i te pikinga o te hiahia mō te hononga tere-teitei. I te Hononga o Amerika, kua whakaatuhia e ngā kaupapa hei whakawhānui i te urunga whānui whānui he painga nui, pērā i te tipu o ngā mahi me te pikinga ake o ngā uara rawa. Hei tauira, ko te haumi a KKR ki Metronet e aro ana ki te whakakī i te āputa "maero whakamutunga", te kawe mai i ngā taura muka whatu ki ngā miriona whare. Waihoki, i Itari, ko te hoko a KKR i te whatunga raina pumau a Telecom Italia e whai ana ki te mahi ki ngā whare 16 miriona me te whatunga muka rarawe ā-motu.
I te ao whānui, he mea nui te mahi tahi a te iwi whānui me te tūmataiti (PPP) ki te whakatere i te whakatinanatanga o te muka. Mā ēnei mahi tahi ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kamupene tūmataiti te kohikohi rauemi, kia pai ai te whakawhānui i te whatunga. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā tahua me ngā tautoko ki te whakawhānui ake i tewhatunga mukaki ngā wāhi kāore i te rawaka te ratonga, e whakatairanga ana i te urunga taurite. Mā te āwhina whanaketanga o te ao ka tautokohia ngā ōhanga hou ki te hanga hanganga muka pakari.
Te Whakawhanui i te Hononga Taiwhenua me te muka whatu
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā whenua taiwhenua e ngā wero pēnei i te iti o te taupori me te whenua taratara, ka piki ake te utu o te whakatinanatanga o ngā taura muka whatu. Heoi, kei te āwhina ngā rautaki auaha ki te wikitoria i ēnei arai. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā muka whatu me ngā otinga ahokore ka taea te toro atu ki ngā wāhi tūroa. Ka whakaitihia hoki e ngā kaupapa whakatenatena a te kāwanatanga ngā utu tāutanga, ka māmā ake te whai hua o ngā kaupapa taiwhenua.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take angitu i te kaha o te whakatinanatanga o te muka muka taiwhenua. I tutuki i a Paul Bunyan Communications i Minnesota he12.1% te tipu pakihimai i te tau 2010, i te wā i riro ai a Bulloch Solutions i Georgia hei kaiwhakarato muka 100% tuatahi i te kawanatanga. E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira i te āhua o te hanganga muka e taea ai te whakarerekē i ngā hapori taiwhenua mā te whakapai ake i te hononga tawhiti me ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga.
Ngā Whanaketanga Rohe i roto i te Whakatakotoranga muka
Ko ētahi rohe kei te ārahi i te heke mai o te whakatinanatanga o te muka whatu nā runga i ngā kaupapa here me ngā haumitanga matatau. I Āhia, ko ngā whenua pēnei i a Haina, Hapani, me Kōrea ki te Tonga e whakamanamana ana ki ētahi o ngā reiti urunga muka teitei rawa atu, me Haina e whakatutuki ananeke atu i te 90% o te urunga ki te whare. Ko ngā whenua Nordic, tae atu ki a Huitene me Nōwei, e tino angitu ana nā te tautoko kaha a te kāwanatanga me ngā PPP. Kua tino ahu whakamua a Ūropi ki te Tonga, inā koa ko Pāniora me Potukara, i roto i ngā whatunga muka tāone me te taiwhenua.
He rerekē, ko ngā rohe pēnei i a Āwherika me Amerika Latina e pāngia ana e te puhoi haere o te ahunga whakamua nā ngā herenga ōhanga. Heoi, kei te anga whakamua ngā whenua pēnei i a Āwherika ki te Tonga me Brazil ki te whakawhānui ake i ā rātou whatunga muka. E whakaatu ana ēnei rerekētanga ā-rohe i te hiranga o ngā rautaki kua whakaritea hei aro atu ki ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga ahurei i roto i te whakatinanatanga muka.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Hangarau muka whatu ā muri ake nei
Whatunga Kuantum me ngā Whakawhitiwhitinga Haumaru
Kei te hurihia e te whatunga kuantum ngā whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero haumaru, ā,hangarau muka whatuHe mahi nui tā ngā whatunga muka i roto i tēnei panonitanga. Mā ngā whatunga muka ka taea te tohatoha kī irahiko (QKD), e whakarite ana i te tuku raraunga tino haumaru mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono miihini irahiko. Ka ārai tēnei tikanga i te whakarongo puku, nā te mea ka whakarerekētia e tetahi hopunga te āhua irahiko, ka whakatūpato i a koe ki ngā pakaru pea. Ka tautokohia hoki e ngā muka whatu te whakawhitiwhiti tere-teitei, iti-haruru i waenga i ngā qubit, ka pupuri i te pono o te tohu. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahekenga o te wera o ngā muka whatu ki te whakataurite ki ngā waea tuku iho ka hangaia he pūnaha irahiko pumau ake. Nā ēnei whanaketanga ka nui ake te hiranga o ngā muka whatu mō te heke mai o ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti haumaru.
Te tautoko i te Ahumahi 4.0 me te Aunoatanga
He hononga tata tō te heke mai o ngā muka whatu ki te Ahumahi 4.0 me te aunoatanga.Neke atu i te 30 piriona ngā taputapu IoT e matapaetia ana hei te tau 2030, ā, mā te hangarau muka whatu ka whakaratohia tehononga tere-teitei, iti-whakaroae hiahiatia ana e ēnei taputapu. Mā te tere tuku raraunga e neke atu ana i te 1 Gbps, ka whakarite ngā muka whatu i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai i waenga i ngā mīhini, ngā pūoko, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Ka tautokohia e tēnei hononga te aroturuki me te whakatau wā-tūturu, he mea nui mō te hanga aunoa me ngā wheketere atamai. Mā te whakamahi i te whānui o te muka whatu, ka taea e ngā ahumahi te whakarei ake i te hua me te whai huatanga, ka whakatakoto huarahi mō tētahi heke mai e hono atu ana, e aunoa ana hoki.
Te Whakahohe i ngā Tāone Atamai me ngā Pūnaha Rauropi IoT
Ko te hanganga muka whatu te poutokomanawa o ngā tāone atamai, e āhei ai te uru atu ki te ipurangi tere-tere mō ngā tono maha. Ka hono i ngā pūoko, ngā kāmera, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere ki ngā whatunga pokapū, e āhei ai te whakahaere wā-tūturu o ngā taiao tāone. Hei tauira, ka tautokohia e ngā muka whatu ngā pūnaha kawe waka atamai mā te arotau i te rere o ngā waka me te whakarei ake i te haumaru rori. Ka āhei hoki i ngā ratonga atamai, pērā i ngā pūnaha tohatoha wai e whakaiti ana i ngā mate me ngā pūnaha rama tūmatanui e whakarerekē ana i runga i ngā tauira waka. Ka hangaia e ēnei auahatanga ngā rauropi tāone whai hua, pumau, e hanga ana i te hangarau muka whatu hei mea nui mō te heke mai o ngā tāone atamai.
Te Tūranga o Dowell i te Ao o te Muka Whatu
Ngā Otinga Auaha mō ngā Whatunga muka whatu
Dowelle ārahi ana i te huarahi ki te whakarato i ngā otinga auaha mō ngā whatunga muka whatu. Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki ā rātou hua hou, pērā i ngā tokotoko pukupuku kua oti te hanga me ngā taura muka whatu ahua 8, hei whakarei ake i te mahi a te whatunga. Mā ēnei otinga ka whakarite he parenga pakari ki te ahotea me te kakahu taiao, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o tō hanganga. Ko te muka iti 8F FTTH a Dowellpouaka whakamutungae aro ana ki te "wero whakamutunga," e whakangāwari ana i te whakatinanatanga o te muka ki ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi. Mā te whakauru i ngā hangarau matatau, ka whakarite a Dowell i te tuku tohu maeneene me te hononga pono i roto i ngā taiao kanorau.
Te Whakapūmau a Dowell ki te Hononga Tauwhiro
Ko te oranga tonutanga tonu te kaupapa matua mō Dowell. Ka whakamahia e te waitohu ngā tikanga hoahoa taiao i roto i āna tukanga hangahanga, ka whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e Dowell ngā rauemi hangarua me ngā tikanga penapena pūngao hei whakaputa i āna hua. E hangai ana ēnei mahi ki te kaupapa ā-ao mō ngā hanganga matomato. Mā te whiriwhiri i a Dowell, ka whai wāhi koe ki tētahiāpōpō pumaume te whai hua mai i ngā otinga mahi-teitei. Mā te whakapau kaha a Dowell ki te oranga tonutanga ka whakarite kia tutuki i āna hua ō hiahia, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te ao tūroa.
Te Whakapai Ake i ngā Hanganga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero o te Ao me Dowell
He mahi nui tā Dowell ki te whakapakari i ngā hanganga waea o te ao. Mā ngā otinga a te waitohu ka āwhina i te whakatinanatanga o te muka waea, ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua. E whakawhirinaki ana ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaiwhakarato waea waea ki a Dowell ki te tuku hua pono e tautoko ana i ngā kaupapa nui. Hei tauira, he pai ngā taura muka whatu ahua 8 a Dowell mō ngā whakatinanatanga rererangi, e whakarite ana i te tuku tohu pumau i ngā tawhiti roa. Mā te whakatairanga i te kounga me te auahatanga, ka āwhina a Dowell ki te hanga whatunga pakari e tutuki ai te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te hononga tere-tiketike. Ki a Dowell, ka taea e koe te tumanako i ngā otinga hanganga e akiaki ana i te ahunga whakamua me te hononga puta noa i te ao.
Kei te hangaia e ngā taura muka whatu te heke mai o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mā te whakahohe i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere ake, pono ake hoki. Mā ngā whanaketanga matua, pērā i te whakaurunga photonic me te whakamunatanga kuantum, ka whakarite kia haumaru, kia whai hua hoki te tuku raraunga. Ka tautokohia e ēnei auahatanga ngā tāone atamai, ngā pūnaha IoT, me ngā whatunga 5G, ka hangaia he ao hono atu. Kei te arahi tonu a Dowell me ngā otinga pumau, mahi teitei.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mea e pai ake ai ngā taura muka whatu i ngā taura parahi tuku iho?
Ngā taura muka whatutuku raraunga tere akeā, mō ngā tawhiti roa ake, me te kore e ngaro te tohu. He iti ake hoki te pūngao e pau ana i a rātou, ā, he pai ake, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao.
He aha te takoha a Dowell ki ngā otinga muka whatu pumau?
Ka whakamahia e Dowell ngā rauemi hangarua me ngā tukanga hangahanga e penapena ana i te pūngao. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei mahi te pānga ki te taiao, me te tuku hua mahi teitei mō ngā hanganga waea hou.
Ka taea e te hangarau muka whatu te tautoko i ngā auahatanga ā muri ake nei pērā i te whatunga irahiko?
Ae, mā te muka whatu ka taea te tohatoha kī irahiko haumaru me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero iti-haruru. Nā ēnei āhuatanga he mea nui mō te whakatairanga i te whatunga irahiko me ētahi atu hangarau hou.
Te wā tuku: 20-Pepuere-2025